I-inki yophawu lwebhodi emhlopheYaqala ukuphuhliswa phesheya. Yasungulwa kumazwe angaphandle ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Emva kokuhlaziywa kobuchwephesha, le mveliso yaziswa kancinci kancinci eTshayina. Njengoko ikhula kakhulu kwishishini lezinto zokubhala zasekhaya laseTshayina, ikhule yaba lurhwebo lwangaphandle oluphambili olunokusetyenziswa.
Ukufezekisa Indawo Epheleleyo ye-Whiteboard Marker Ink
I-inki yebhodi emhlophe yaqala ukuphuhliswa phesheya.
Inki yeMaka yeBhodi emhlopheImvelaphi Yaphesheya Kwelizwe
Kwiminyaka yoo-1960 noo-1970, iYurophu, iMelika kunye neJapan zakhokela ekuphuhliseni ii-“erable”i-inki yophawu lwebhodi emhlopheIifomyula zeinki zakuqala zazingeyonto iqhelekileyo, zinevumba elinamandla le-solvent kunye namabala aseleyo aqinileyo emva kokusula. Emva kweminyaka yokwenziwa ngcono, ubuchwepheshe beinki enokucimeka enyibilikayo ngotywala bavuthwa. Amazwe afana neJapan neJamani ayenobuchule bokuvelisa iinki ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye anikezela ngeemarike zeofisi kunye nokufundisa kwihlabathi liphela ngobuninzi. Kwimarike yokuqala yehlabathi, abavelisi beinki baphesheya babephethe igunya labo, kwaye iTshayina yayinokungenisa i-inki egqityiweyo kuphela ukuvelisa iimaki zebhodi emhlophe.
Kwiminyaka yoo-1980, iTshayina yaqala ukungenisa izixhobo zokuvelisa iibhodi ezimhlophe. Amashishini asekuhlaleni azama uphando oluzimeleyo kunye nophuhliso lwe-R&Di-inki yophawu lwebhodi emhlophe, kodwa iimveliso zasekhaya zakuqala zazingenazinzo, iingxaki zokubola kwenkunkuma kunye nokungakhukuliseki kakuhle, nto leyo eyazenza zangafanele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Emva kweminyaka yokuphuculwa, iteknoloji yeinki esuswayo enyibilikayo ngotywala ikhulile.
Kwimarike yehlabathi yokuqala, iTshayina yayinokungenisa kuphela i-inki egqityiweyo ukuvelisa iimaki zebhodi emhlophe.
Ukuqala Koshishino Lwezinto Zokubhala Zasekhaya eTshayina
Kwiminyaka yoo-1990, amaqela emizi-mveliso yokubhala eTshayina aqala ukubonakala. Amakhulu eefektri zokwenza iipeni zahluma kulo lonke iphondo laseJiangsu, eZhejiang naseGuangdong, nto leyo eqhubela phambili ukukhula konyaka nonyaka kwimveliso yeebhodi ezimhlophe. Nangona kunjalo, i-inki esemgangathweni ophezulu yayisaxhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kuthunyelwe ngaphandle iibhodi ezimhlophe ezigqityiweyo kwaye kungabikho mandla okuthumela ngaphandle ii-inki ezizimeleyo.
Emva kokungena kweTshayina kwi-WTO ngo-2001, zonke iindlela zorhwebo lwangaphandle zavuleka, nto leyo eyabangela ixesha legolide lokuthunyelwa kwezinto zokubhala kwamanye amazwe. Abavelisi beinki baseTshayina bangene kwiifomyula eziphambili ezigubungela ukusasazwa kwemibala, ukwenziwa kwefilimu ye-resin kunye nezinyibilikisi ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Basombulula ngokulandelelana imiqobo yobugcisa efana nokomisa ngokukhawuleza, ukuqina kwexesha elide kunye nokusula okungenantsalela, befezekisa imveliso epheleleyo yasekhaya yei-inki yophawu lwebhodi emhlopheIxhaswa ziindleko zemveliso eziphantsi kunye nothungelwano olupheleleyo lokubonelela ngempahla oluphezulu nolusezantsi, iimaki zebhodi emhlophe zasekhaya eziveliswe ngobuninzi zathunyelwa phesheya, kwaye i-inki yalandela kancinci kancinci ukungena kwiimarike zokuthumela ngaphandle zehlabathi.
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, imigangatho yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi iye yanda ngokungqongqo, apho i-EU kunye neMntla Melika zibeka imida engqongqo kwizinto ezinobungozi kwi-inki yokubhala. Abavelisi be-inki basekhaya baphucule iifomyula ngokwamkela izinyibilikisi ezisekelwe kutywala obungenatyhefu ukuze zihlangabezane neziqinisekiso zokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe, ziphuhlisa i-inki enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ehambelana nemigangatho yamanye amazwe. Namhlanje, iTshayina imi njengesiseko semveliso ephambili yehlabathi yeemaki zebhodi emhlophe. Iimveliso zayo ze-inki aziboneleli nje kuphela ngeefektri zepeni zasekhaya kodwa zithunyelwa ngokwahlukeneyo kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, e-Afrika, eYurophu, eMelika nakwezinye iindawo.
Malunga ne-OBOOCInki yeMaka yeBhodi emhlophe
I-OBOOCi-inki yophawu lwebhodi emhlopheinefomyula esekelwe kutywala enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo eneemibala kunye nezongezo ezithengiswa kwamanye amazwe eziphezulu.
1. Inombala ocacileyo, ogcweleyo, obhalwe kakuhle kwaye ukwakheka kwefilimu ngokukhawuleza. Inamandla okumelana nokomisa okugqwesileyo, isetyenziswa emva kokuvezwa emoyeni ixesha elide, kwaye ayishiyi siphoso emva kokucoca iibhodi ezimhlophe.
2. Ivumba eliphantsi elinobuhlungu, lihambelana neendawo ezininzi kuquka iibhodi ezimnyama, iglasi kunye neplastiki, lifumaneka ngombala omnyama, obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza kunye neminye imibala.
3. Ukupakisha okukhulu okufanelekileyo ukugcwaliswa efektri kunye nokongeza i-inki imihla ngemihla. Umgangatho wayo uhlangabezana nemigangatho yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yimpahla eluhlaza ekumgangatho ophezulu kwiimaki zebhodi emhlophe yorhwebo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-07-2026