Kutshanje, unyulo lukamongameli eDjibouti luqalile ngokusesikweni. Emva kokuvota, abavoti babonisa ngokuzingca iminwe yabo iphawulwe ngeyinki yonyulo—umbono oqhelekileyo kodwa ochukumisayo kwizikhululo zokuvota kulo lonke ilizwe. Nangona ubonakala uqhelekile, le yinki ikhethekileyo isetyenziswa kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100 kwihlabathi liphela ukukhusela ukuthembeka konyulo. Ngophawu olunye nje kwincam yeminwe, ubulungisa kunye nokusemthethweni konyulo lwentando yesininzi kuyagcinwa ngokuqinileyo.
I-inki yokhetho, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-inki engacimekiyo, yenziwe kakhulu yi-nitrate yesilivere.
I-inki yonyulo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-inki engacimekiyo, ikakhulu ine-nitrate yesilivere.
Xa sele isetyenziswa esandleni ize ibekwe kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ishiya uphawu oluhlala luhleli eluswini nakwiinzipho olungenakuhlanjwa ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokucoca. Olu phawu luphela kancinci kancinci njengoko ulusu luzihlaziya ngokwendalo kwaye iinzipho zikhula, inkqubo edla ngokuthatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ezininzi.
Olu phawu lunokuhlala iinyanga kwaye aluyi kunyamalala.
Kwangowe-1962, olu hlobo lwe-inki lwaqala ukusetyenziswa kunyulo jikelele lwaseIndiya. Lwaphuhliswa yiLabhoratri yeSizwe yePhysical yaseIndiya, ngoku luthunyelwa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kwaye lube sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokulwa nobuqhetseba kunyulo.
Kwizikhululo zokuvota, abasebenzi bonyulo bafaka i-inki ngokulinganayo kwiminwe yasekhohlo okanye kwiminwe emincinci yabavoti, begquma zombini iinzipho kunye nebhedi yezipikili. Oku kuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ubuqhetseba bonyulo obufana nokuvota kaninzi kunye nokuvota nge-proxy.
Inkqubo yoPhuhliso lweZizwe eziManyeneyo inikezele ngeebhotile zokhetho eziyi-113,000inkikunyulo jikelele lwaseMyanmar luka-2020. Emva kovavanyo oluqatha, umxholo wesilivere we-nitrate kwezi inki uhlangabezane ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho yehlabathi. Kwanasemva kokuhlamba ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngesepha kunye nesicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala, iimpawu zahlala zicacile kwaye zingenasiphako.
Le yinki yaqala ukusetyenziswa kunyulo jikelele lwaseIndiya ngo-1962.
Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe, i-inki yokukhetha nayo iphuculwe rhoqo. Namhlanje, kukho iimveliso ezingabonisi nje kuphela imibala ebonakalayo phantsi kokukhanya okuqhelekileyo kodwa ezineempawu ezikhanyayo zokulwa neemveliso zomgunyathi.
Uphawu lubonakala ngokucacileyo phantsi kokukhanya okuqhelekileyo, kwaye xa lukhanyiswa ngesibane se-ultraviolet, kuvela ipateni ekhethekileyo ye-fluorescent, enika iziphumo eziphuculweyo zokulwa nobuqhetseba. I-inki ayinabungozi, ayinabungozi emzimbeni womntu, kwaye inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Le bhotile incinci ye-inki ingaphezulu nje kwesixhobo sokuthintela ubuqhetseba bonyulo—isebenza “njengembasa” yabavoti abasebenzisa amalungelo abo entando yesininzi, bebonisa iminqweno yoluntu yobulungisa nobulungisa.
Ukususela e-Asia ukuya e-Afrika, nokuba kunyulo lukamongameli okanye kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni, i-inki yonyulo ikhusela ukuthembeka kwevoti nganye ngenxa yobulula bayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Loo mngxuma mncinci kwiminwe awubonisi nje kuphela ubunzulu bentando yesininzi kodwa ukwangqina nokufuna ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, okwenza lube luphawu olungaphaya kwemida yentando yesininzi.
I-OBOOC inamava akhethekileyo amalunga neminyaka engama-20 ekunikezeleni nge-inki yokhetho.
Njengomthengisi oqeqeshiweyo wezixhobo zonyulo, u-Aobozinki yonyuloIphumelele ukuthenjwa kwimarike ngokubanzi ngenxa yokhuseleko lwayo oluphezulu, ukuqina kwayo okuqinileyo kunye nokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo ekulweni nezinto ezingeyonyani.
Ngokuphathelele amava okubonelela, olu phawu lubandakanyeke kakhulu kushishino kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 ngamandla aqokelelweyo. Lubonelele ngezisombululo ze-inki ezenzelwe wena kunyulo olukhulu olufana nonyulo lukamongameli nolwerhuluneli kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kulo lonke elase-Asia nase-Afrika, lunamava atyebileyo enkonzo esebenzayo.
Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza kwemveliso, iingenelo zayo eziphambili zibonakala kakhulu: kwelinye icala, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-nano-silver particles, obuphucula kakhulu ukufana kwe-inki kunye nokunamathela kwesikhumba. Uphawu kunzima ukulususa ngee-arhente zokucoca eziqhelekileyo, kunye nophuhliso lombala oluzinzileyo kwaye lunokuhlala iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezingama-30. Kwelinye icala, luxhotyiswe ngefomyula yokomisa ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokuba isetyenzisiwe eluswini okanye ezinzipho, yoma kwimizuzwana eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 kwaye icace gca emva kwe-oxidation, engathinteli nje kuphela ukufiphala nokufiphala kophawu, kodwa ikwanciphisa ngempumelelo umngcipheko wokungcola okunqamlezileyo.
I-inki yokhetho, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-inki engacimekiyo, yenziwe kakhulu yi-nitrate yesilivere.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-16-2026